CATEGORY:
LUXE/GLAM
STYLE:
URBAN/CITY
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Taken from the nit and grit of city life along with charming and romantic elements comes Urban Glam
- Urban design can be luxurious and glamorous
- Has a charming and romantic element
- Beautiful art glass pieces
- Chandeliers adorned with crystals
- Mirrors are popular
- High ceilings and fireplaces
- Beautifully draped fabrics such as velvet and silk
- Tufted velvet headboard also screams glam in a romantic, luxurious way
- Glamorous upholstered walls
DESCRIPTIVE WORDS:
- Glamorous
- Luxurious
- Romantic
- Grandeur
- Alluring
- Dazzling
DESIGN MOTIFS:
- Elegant objects
- Luxurious materials
- Glass
- Chandeliers
FURNITURE & ACCESSORIES:
- Stylish and clean lines
- Large focal pieces
- Glamorous materials
- Glass and chandeliers
- Rugs
- Crystal lamps and candleholders
MATERIALS & TEXTURES:
- Precious materials
- Metallic and shiny finishes
- Metals such as silver and gold
- Marble
- Crystals and gemstones
- Rich fabrics such as velvet and silk
COLOUR PALETTE:
- Gold/Silver/Metallic
- Purple/Red
Category:
LUXE/GLAM
STYLE:
WELLNESS & BEAUTY
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Relaxed atmosphere
- Mind, Body and Soul are essential elements
- Natural elements such as water, plants and stones
- Organic colours and feel
- Natural and harmonious atmosphere
- Feng Shui popular to balance and centre
- Tranquil and well-balanced space
- Comfortable, clean and calming
- Gentle music and sounds of nature
- Natural colours and objects
- Wood and symbolic pieces such as Buddha statues
- Plants, stones and water
- Natural lighting and dim lighting in treatment rooms
- Harmonious
- Tranquility
- Relaxation
- Calming
- Spiritual
- Plants
- Stones
- Water
- Nature
- Symbolic objects eg. Buddha
- Natural materials such as wood
- Candles and oil burners
- Stones & pebbles
- Flowers
- Fountains or water features
- Floating flowers
- Spiritual statues and posters
- Natural materials – wood, marble and stone
- White cotton towels
- Organic and natural materials
- Neutral colours
- Earth tones similar to nature
Category:
LUXE/GLAM
STYLE:
RESORT
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Romantic
- Luxurious
- Environment of escape and allure
- Glamorous and captivating
- Serenity and peace
- Service and facilities that offer comfort to guests
- Lush and tropical surroundings
- Restaurants, spas and friendly service
- Luxurious rooms and facilities
- Beachfront villas to take advantage of beautiful surroundings
- Swimming pools and lush gardens
- Desirable
- Tranquility
- Relaxation
- Stylish
- Enchanting
- Stones
- Water
- Nature
- Organic
- Clean and modern
- High quality and stylish
- Stones & pebbles
- Exotic flowers and fruits
- Fountains or water features
- Natural materials – wood and luxurious fabrics
- Modern materials and colours
- Neutral colours
- Earth tones similar to nature
- Rich colours such as gold and silver
Category:
MINIMALIST
STYLE:
QUAKER/SHAKER/AMISH
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Simple
- Versatile
- Highly functional
- "Order" and "Utility" are part of their spiritual agenda
- Practical
- High quality materials and workmanship
- Form should allow function
- Timeless simplicity and practicality
- Simple and handmade design predominates these communities, whose guiding tenet was "hands to work, hearts to God."
- Shakers are credited with inventing metal pen nibs, the flat broom, and even the circular saw.
- Work was the currency of their service. They believed that God dwelt in the details of their work and in the quality of their craftsmanship.
- They were the original American minimalists
- Humble
- Modest
- Bright and bold quilts
- Amish designs are without a doubt, the "jewel in the crown" of quilting.
- Detailed hand stitching
- Natural materials such as maple
- Simple crafted and functional furniture for their religious gatherings and home life
- Simplistic and elegant designs
- Shakers keep everything from candles to brooms to chairs on walls. Shelves, hooks, and pegs keep clutter off the floor and tabletops
- High quality materials and minimal decoration
- Functional with almost no decorative moldings or inlays
- The making of something of quality was an act of worship
- Shaker style furniture is generally made from maple and to a lesser extent, cherry, birch, and walnut
- The shakers handcrafted wooden furniture in a limited colour palette of red, blue, yellow and blue-green
- They believed that every object in the home should have a function and that decoration was unnecessary
Category:
MINIMALIST
STYLE:
CONTEMPORARY
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
RETRO
STYLE:
50s EARLY MODERN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
RETRO
STYLE:
60s SPACE AGE
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
RETRO
STYLE:
70s PSYCHEDELIC
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
RETRO
STYLE:
80s MEMPHIS
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
RE-CYCLE
STYLE:
DECONSTRUCTION
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
RECYCLE
STYLE:
GRUNGE
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
INDOOR/OUTDOOR
STYLE:
AUSTRALIAN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
INDOOR/OUTDOOR
STYLE:
RESORT/TROPICAL
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
INDOOR/OUTDOOR
STYLE:
SKI
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
SHABBY CHIC
STYLE:
ENGLISH COUNTRY
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
FOLK
STYLE:
RUSSIAN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
FOLK
STYLE:
AFRICAN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
FOLK
STYLE:
MEXICAN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
ASIAN
STYLE:
JAPANESE
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
ASIAN
STYLE:
CHINESE
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Red is a signature colour in Chinese decorating style and is a symbol of good luck. Gold decoration is a vital part of Chinese colour and design
Category:
ASIAN
STYLE:
BALINESE/THAI
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
ASIAN
STYLE:
INDIAN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
MEDITERRANEAN
STYLE:
SPANISH
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
MEDITERRANEAN
STYLE:
GREEK
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
ISLAMIC
STYLE:
TURKISH
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
MEDITERRANEAN
STYLE:
ITALIAN/TUSCAN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
ISLAMIC
STYLE:
MOROCCAN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
NORTHERN EUROPEAN
STYLE:
SWEDISH (GUSTAVIAN)
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
NORTHERN EUROPEAN
STYLE:
DANISH (CONTEMPORARY)
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Category:
FRENCH PROVINCIAL
STYLE:
REGENCY
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
MINIMALIST
STYLE:
CONTEMPORARY
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- "Minimalism" is a trend from early 19th century
- Important movement in response to the over decorated design of the previous period
- Popular in the late 1980s in London and New York
- White elements
- Cold Lighting
- Large space with minimum objects and furniture
- Inspired by Japanese tradition and the concept of Zen
- Strip everything down to its essential quality and achieve simplicity
- Simple and empty large spaces
- Minimal features and fuss
- All white elements
- Inspired by the Japanese traditional design
- Concept of Zen philosophy
- No clutter
- Few possessions
- Minimal decorations
- Natural light, sky, earth and air.
- Elements without decorations
- Simple and common materials
- Clean lines
- Simplistic and elegant designs
- Few essential pieces of furniture
- Simple decorations such as a vase of flowers
- Plain patterns and window treatments
- Few pieces of plain simple furniture with solid subdued colours
- Plain patterns
- Complex patterns, such as flowers or checkers, are visual clutter.
- Quality over quantity
- Flat surfaces are clear
- No decorations or bold colours
- Subdued colours
- White is classic minimalist
- Colours which don't stress the eyes
Category:
RETRO
STYLE:
50s EARLY MODERN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- The 1950s were a prosperous time for middle class families
- Interior design was fun and vibrant
- Dynamic designs were influenced by science, space exploration and new and improved technologies
- There were three major color trends in the 50s; pastel, modern and Scandinavian
- Bold designs such as stars, stripes, checks and polka dots came into vogue
- Characteristic of 1950s design are clean designs with a Scandinavian influence, space and atomic age-inspired shapes
- The western look was hugely popular, thanks to the popularity of television hero cowboys
- For the first time ever in the 50s, paint colors were available in any possible hue
- Sunburst and atomic clocks made of metal and wood
- Plastic is used as a material for accessories for the first time
- Chrome appliances, pastel plastic, enamel or stainless steel canisters and bread bins
- Colorful melamine and melmac dishware and bowls, as well as Tupperware storage containers were very popular
- Atomic age motifs appeared on glassware and fabrics
- Lamps became interior decorating statements with dynamic shapes that were sculptural (shaped like animals such as poodles and gazelles), as well as geometric and abstract. These lamps were topped with fiberglass parchment or fabric shades in solids, atomic or geometric prints.
- Chrome and vinyl chairs paired with chrome-legged tables with Formica tops were both fashionable and durable
- Home bars became important, now that the emphasis was on entertaining
- Laminated plywood furniture with very clean lines, bent into comfortable curved furniture
- Atomic graphics inspired by space and science like planets, galaxies and the famous "Boomerang" pattern, which were all used on wallpaper, tablecloths, curtains and furniture fabrics.
- Fabrics with fruit, flowers and abstract designs were everywhere
- Pastel colors that were particularly popular were pink, turquoise, mint green, pale yellow and blue
Category:
RETRO
STYLE:
60s SPACE AGE
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- The 1960s were a time of enormous change, both technologically and socially
- Everything became more dynamic, graphic and colorful
- The high-tech metallic and mirrored look of the discos influenced home and office interior design
- The words "Peace" and "Love" were seen everywhere as both graphic symbols and as a mantra of a generation
- The overall look of the 1960s was clean and open
- Modernism and abstract expressionism began to take hold in the 1960s
- Design became a means of provoking emotion and reaction
- Colours were inspired by nature
- Tie-dye, psychedelic, paisley and floral fabrics were popular
- Indian saris were used as bedspreads, curtains and wall hangings
- Brightly colored textured rugs and rugs made in India and Morocco
- The hippie look consisted of ethnic prints like Indian fabrics made of cotton
- Flat pack furniture, "S" and pod-shaped chairs made of space age shapes and materials were popular
- Furniture was made of metal, glass, wood and PVC and sometimes combinations of these
- Furniture was designed to be disposable and temporary
- The TV became the focal point of the family room
- Accessories were decorated with popular design elements like Siamese cats, mushrooms, roosters, daisies and owls
- Modern art with geometric shapes and vibrant colors decorated homes, as well as psychedelic prints and op art
- Neon colors created a very modern look
- The hippie look consisted of ethnic prints like Indian fabrics made of cotton
- The more colourful the fabrics, the better, seen with larger sized, stylized flowers and brighter colors than ever before
- Green, gold, orange and yellow were very popular and could be found on everything from clothes, home décor and even cars
- Psychedelic colours played off one another for maximum impact
- Bright and metallic vinyl wallpapers are used
- Contrasts in black-and white were also popular
Category:
RETRO
STYLE:
70s PSYCHEDELIC
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- The 1970s were labeled "the Me Decade" by the American novelist Tom Wolfe based on America's newfound preoccupation with self-discovery and self-awareness
- The general look was bright, shiny and modern
- The most modern homes looked more like space capsules
- The 1970s influence with pops of bright color and plastic and vinyl furnishings
- American interior design changed to reflect a new regard for nature and an awareness of environmental concerns
- Design also reflected an Asian cultural influence as people sought answers in their spiritualist teachings
- Kitchens were larger and functioned more efficiently with abundant storage and state-of-the-art appliances.
- A dishwasher was no longer considered a luxury but a necessity
- Laminated kitchen cabinets and Formica countertops as well as appliances and cookware were typically in the very latest harvest gold or avocado colours
- Fashionable colours were bright green, turquoise, sunshine yellow, orange and brown
- Fluffy shag and llama area rugs contrasted with the modern lines and materials used for furnishings
- A bright yellow linoleum floor would have been considered very fashionable, as well as hot pink or neon green wall-to-wall carpeting
- Materials used were Lucite, glass, vinyl, and leather as well as metal, chrome and wood
- Chrome and glass created a clean, space age look
- Plastic became an acceptable material for furniture
- Beanbag chairs became a trend for relaxed seating
- Chrome and plastic were the most popular materials for lighting
- Ceramic tile was used on bathroom floors
- Linoleum and wood flooring were used throughout the home
- Bedspreads were covered with large bright flowers or graphic patterns.
- Chenille bedspreads were hugely popular
- Some colour combinations that were hugely popular were bright green and blue, black and white, yellow and white, pink and purple, yellow and orange, yellow and green and also pink and green
Category:
RETRO
STYLE:
80s MEMPHIS
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- The 1980s was a decade of extravagance and excess
- The general look was bright, shiny and modern
- Big bold graphic design, new wave, punk, mergers and acquisitions, and dynastic soap operas sensationalized the era
- The favorite soap operas of the day, Dallas and Dynasty, featured mansions embellished with over-the-top art and expensive furnishings
- The general public wanted to make a statement through their homes and possessions
- Bold geometric lines and outsized floral patterns dominated all surfaces from fashion to wallpaper and upholstery
- Animal patterns, featuring African wildlife, were a hit in home textiles.
- Woven accessories and furniture made of rattan from Asia also became popular
- Lacquered objects d'art and Japanned furnishings added to the eclecticism
- Exotic or eclectic themes ruled popular taste during this time
- Wall mirrors were extremely popular in the 1980s
- Bathrooms had wall-to-wall plate glass mirrors
- Floor-to-ceiling mirrors and mirrored closet doors were used to maximize light and give the appearance of more space in the home
- Typical 1980s bathrooms had Hollywood dressing room-style bulbs around the mirror
- Neon lights and brass and etched glass chandeliers were also popular
- Carpets got shorter and more colourful in the 1980s
- Shag carpet was replaced with shorter plush carpet in colours such as pink and blue
- Vinyl flooring was used in bathrooms and kitchens
- Many experimented with texturing, such as sponge painting and creating "popcorn" ceilings
- Colours of the 1980s could be as extreme as fluorescent neon to as subtle as airy pastels
- The neon trend, quite literally, popped up in art, advertisements, and home decor
- Pastels were also a big part of the 80s, and were much more subdued than neon. These were the springy Easter colors that, before the 80s, were usually only seen once a year. The most popular colors were pink, blue, yellow, and green
Category:
RE-CYCLE
STYLE:
DECONSTRUCTION
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Building disassembly
- Design for deconstruction
- (DfD) is an emerging concept that borrows from the fields of design for disassembly, reuse, remanufacturing and recycling in the consumer products industries
- Objective is to reduce pollution impacts and increase resource
- Re-manufacturing and recycling
- Deconstruction is important for more than just the end of a building's life-cycle
- Buildings that have been designed with deconstruction in mind are often easier to maintain and adapt to new uses
- Saving the shell of a building or adapting interior spaces to meet new needs ensures that new structures have a small environmental impact
- Exposing the cross section of walls so you can see where the plaster meets the stud wall
- Seeing the pipes through the walls of a bathroom
- Visually interesting and inspiring
- Design for flexibility and adaptability
- Design to include an open bay design in which interior operations can adapt to future needs. This design can help improve constructability as well as reduce costs of the life of the building
- Natural building materials such as (clay, straw, stone, hemp, compacted earth, etc.) fall under the recycling category for they are recovered at a materials level. These materials can be returned to nature without affecting the natural world.
- Materials which are recoverable and can be either directly reused or fall in one of the product recovery management strategies (Repairing, refurbishing, remanufacturing, cannibalization or recycling) to aid in
Category:
RECYCLE
STYLE:
GRUNGE
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- The grunge movement was a change to a non-fashionable, alternative underground in reaction to the musical status quo
- The spirit of the grunge movement is more important than the flannel shirts and ripped jeans
- The grunge movement was a reaction to a consumerist society, a chance to break with normal teenage traditions and listen to some fantastic music
- Lyrics are typically angst-filled, often addressing themes such as social alienation, apathy, frustration, sadness, fear, and depression
- The early grunge movement coalesced around Seattle independent record label
Sub Pop in the late 1980s - Grunge became commercially successful in the first half of the 1990s, due mainly to the release of Nirvana's Nevermind and Pearl Jam's Ten
- Clothing commonly worn by grunge musicians in Washington consisted of thrift store items and the typical outdoor clothing (most notably flannel shirts) of the region, as well as a generally unkempt appearance
- The style did not evolve out of a conscious attempt to create an appealing fashion; music journalist Charles R. Cross said, " Kurt Cobain was just too lazy to shampoo," and Sub Pop's Jonathan Poneman said, "This [clothing] is cheap, it's durable, and it's kind of timeless. It also runs against the grain of the whole flashy aesthetic that existed in the 80s
- Ripped Jeans
- Flannel Shirts
- T-Shirts with Grunge bands on them such as Nirvana & Soundgarden
- Mostly all furniture and accessories purchased from thrift stores
- Used and untidy furniture
- Accessories had a weathered or well-worn appearance
- Combat Boots
- Wool Hats
- Grungy means "dirty". When you have a grunge style design you often have a worn or stained look that also can look worn out, old or rusty
- Grunge can be a stained paper that looks like you've left your coffee cup on it, or a texture that looks like an old rusted type of metal
- Cut paper is also popular along with scratches and torn edges
- Dark and gloomy colour palette
- Black is prominent as well as blue denim
Category:
INDOOR/OUTDOOR
STYLE:
AUSTRALIAN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Early Australian residential architecture was a response to the Australian landscape and the climate with its unique flora and fauna, intense sunlight and dappled shadows. Early buildings needed to respond to these discrete climatic elements
- Distinctive Australian architecture is also recognisable in the rural icons of 'the Queenslander', the 'wool shed' and the 'beach house' which have developed in response to climate, history, place and identity. Characteristically, these designs used local materials as well as corrugated iron and emphasised space and light as well as a connection to the landscape
- Australian architects like Boyd and Roy Grounds have argued for the importance of modern Australian architecture as an expression of a local identity which balanced the ideals of art and architecture against local climate and social realities.
- Architectural styles have been basically exotic and derivative. Only recently have climate and environment played a major role
- During the 19th century, Australian architects were inspired by developments in England. From the 1930s on, North American and International influences started to appear
- The early houses of Queensland were characterised by broad verandas shaded by gracefully curved expanses of corrugated roofing iron, tall stumps, lattice, and roof ventilators. These qualities had the effect of cooling the house, allowing for breezeways, and allowed for the run off of tropical down pours
- Shutters were effective against the rages of cyclones
- Outdoor living areas are popular due to the climate.
- Swimming pools and water features are very Australian and are an important part of Australian society
- The First Fleet introduced the concept of furniture to Australia in 1788. Furniture was bought to the new colony to furnish the government and military residency and public buildings
- Georgian furniture was well crafted from correctly aged woods like ash, beech, cherry, oak, mahogany and walnut
- Australia's modern residential architecture also reflects this change with architects using new environmental materials and producing designs that address social needs
- Inspiration from landscape – colours of sand, sky and outback
Category:
INDOOR/OUTDOOR
STYLE:
RESORT/TROPICAL
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Casual style featuring lots of natural materials
- Materials originating from the tropics
- Wood ceiling fans
- Tropical plants such as palm trees
- Inspiration from ocean living
- Use of natural materials such as bamboo, rattan and teak
- Tropical plants
- Tropical fruits
- Wood elements and colouring
- Colours such as blue to symbolize sea and sky
- Sand and jungle colours to symbolize surroundings
- Casual
- Relaxing
- Bright
- Tropical Fauna and Flora
- Wall or ceiling murals
- Tropical plants
- Mosquito nets around four post bed
- Floral cushions
- Light and airy sheets. White is most popular as it creates a clean and crisp environment
- Tropical plants and flowers
- Bamboo
- Fountain or water features
- Soft fabrics such as organza and chiffon
- Natural materials such as raw wood
- Lights made with weaved woods such as bamboo or wicker
- Bright
- Bold
- Floral themes
- Tropical colours such as sky blue and green
- Earth tones and browns are popular
Category:
INDOOR/OUTDOOR
STYLE:
SKI
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Can be international destinations featuring excellent mountains and a wide variety of lodging and real estate
- Can be directed to a ski club or group and have fewer activities
- Create a village atmosphere with accommodation, dining, retail and ski school
- Offer an urban experience
- Buildings designed to accommodate extreme climate
- Landscaping to preserve and enhance natural environment
- Numerous public gathering spaces. The successful Whistler Village has several public plazas and "outdoor rooms" that provide sun access, views, variety of seating (steps, low walls, patios); also, most of the retail and dining patios face the square; and a variety of services, shops and restaurants and several key entry points surround these public spaces.
- Planters with uniform stone
- Indigenous plants
- Masses of trees close to buildings to create "awareness of forest reaching to and into town centre."
- Urban atmosphere
- Mountain environment
- Availability of services
- Family fun experience
- Community functions and social activities
- Natural materials such as wood furniture
- Use of stone
- Natural colours
- Fireplaces and cozy atmosphere to create warmth
- Natural elements such as: bay windows; sloped and modulated roofs at varying heights
- Balconies facing the street; different textures; natural building materials (stone, wood) and colour schemes
- Façade design that considered on all sides of the building (not just front and back).
- Natural colour palette to co-exist with natural environment
Category:
SHABBY CHIC
STYLE:
ENGLISH COUNTRY
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Furniture and furnishings are either chosen for their appearance of age and signs of wear and tear or where new items are distressed to achieve the appearance of an antique
- The style is imitated in faux painting using glaze or by painting then rubbing and sanding away the top coat to show the wood or base coats
- Pure whites, as well as ecrus and worn or bleached out pastels are favorite colours
- Fabric is often stained with tea to give it the look of old fabric
- Popular decor items are pillows made of vintage bark cloth fabric, vintage linens, chenille bedspreads, vintage chandeliers, and anything with roses on it
- Antique pieces such as pie safes and jelly cupboards are popular in shabby chic décor
- The shabby chic aesthetic also expands to the garden with the same design principles of using timeworn furniture and feminine accessories
- Rose gardens are popular with the shabby chic style of décor
- It is a soft, relaxed feminine romantic way of decorating that looks comfortable and inviting
- Cottage style
- Feminine
- Romantic
- Distressed appearance
- Vintage
- Roses
- Floral patterns
- Soft scent of candles
- White wash furniture
- White interiors with pastel colours
- Popular decor items are pillows made of vintage bark cloth fabric
- Vintage linens, chenille bedspreads, vintage chandeliers, and anything with roses on it
- Natural elements such as a wood for flooring, furniture or window treatments
- Floral patterns
- Besides white, the Shabby Chic style also includes soft neutral colors such as sky blue, rose pink and beige tones
Category:
FOLK
STYLE:
RUSSIAN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Russian architecture began with the woodcraft buildings of ancient Slavs
- Apart from fortifications (kremlins), the main stone buildings of ancient Russia were Orthodox churches, with their many domes, often gilded or brightly painted
- The 18th-century taste for rococo architecture led to the ornate works of Bartolomeo Rastrelli and his followers
- In 1955, a new Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, condemned the "excesses" of the former academic architecture and the late Soviet era was dominated by plain functionalism in architecture
- Religion has had a great influence on Russian architecture
- The Russian Orthodox churches are distinguished by their verticality, bright colors and multiple domes which provide a striking contrast with the flat Russian landscape often covered in snow
- Onion-shaped domes are the most distinctive feature of Russian architecture. Its shape is similar to a candle flame, which was believed to be the flame of faith reaching up to heaven
- A church's icons are mounted on the altar in a hierarchical fashion
- Bold
- History
- Matryoshka dolls
- Matryoshka dolls
- Onion-shaped dome
- Vodka
- Religious icons
- During the Soviet times, the furniture shops had a truly non-existent range of furniture items
- The wall units were a must have, as they allowed lots of storage space and display
- The sofa with two matching chairs was a popular item
- A lamp on a stand (aka torchere, after its French name) was also available
- Floral patterns on upholstery
- Dark timber and ornate
- Traditional provincial work is mainly floral and landscapes
- Red is the most prominent colour
- Dark colours for wall paper and drapes or curtains
Category:
FOLK
STYLE:
AFRICAN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- One common theme in much traditional African architecture is the use of fractal scaling: small parts of the structure tend to look similar to larger parts, such as a circular village made of circular houses
- Western architecture has also had an impact on coastal areas since the late 15th century, and is now an important source for many larger buildings, particularly in major cities
- The architecture of Africa, like other aspects of the culture of Africa, is exceptionally diverse
- Animal Prints
- Kuba cloth
- Vibrant colours and patterns
- Safari style
- Tribal
- Exotic
- Animal Print
- Tribal Masks
- Safari
- Animal print
- Furniture for the African interior design is usually wooden, decorated with carvings, woven rattan or wrought iron
- Floor is usually decorated with a woolen rug with traditional African patterns or animal skin
- African batiks – usually hand-crafted for wall-hangings, cushions or throws
- Essential items are tribal and safari elements
- African tribal masks
- Wooden carvings and figurines. These are quintessentially African
- African architecture uses a wide range of materials. Preference for materials by region: North Africa for stone and rammed earth, West Africa for mud/adobe, Central Africa thatch/wood and more perishable materials, East Africa varied, Southern Africa for stone and thatch/wood. A wall in North Africa might be built of stone or rammed earth, in West Africa mud/mud brick, in Central Africa wood, Southern Africa wood or stone, and East Africa all.
- Deep, rich colors like chocolate brown, or reds, yellows and oranges of the African sunset
Category:
FOLK
STYLE:
MEXICAN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Mexican interior design is influenced by Spanish culture as well as ancient Aztec and Mayan civilisations
- The bright bold colours of this style provide a striking backdrop to pine furnishings and simple accessories
- Exceptionally diverse
- Vivid and vibrant colours
- Hand made accessories
- Wooden furniture
- Decorative sculptures
- Wrought iron ornaments
- Bright colours
- Terra cotta
- Cactus plants
- Rugs
- Pottery
- Wrought iron
- Ceramic Accessories
- Pine is the wood of choice in Mexican furniture. It is a blend of formal Spanish colonial styling, native Mayan design and even a little Chinese.
- Authentic antique pieces reflect the rich history of the colonial days
- Many Mexican pieces are painted in bright colours such as red, orange and blue
- Brightly coloured rugs and throws
- Woven Blankets
- Terra cotta pottery
- Cactus plants
- The most basic material used in Mexico is probably the quarry tile: plain tiles made of the reddish clay found in many parts of the country. This is the least expensive tile to be found, and so it's commonly used and it's also durable
- Another material used heavily in Mexican design is metal
- Textiles are another important material in Mexican design
- Terra cotta, mustard, khaki, sienna, bright blues, deep reds, greens and pinks. Bright and exuberant colours
- Muted or dusky colours – but still quite deep and rich in tone
Category:
ASIAN
STYLE:
JAPANESE
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Simplicity or elimination of clutter
- The Japanese philosophy of "sabi" is an integral part of home design
- Striking a balance between the simple and the elegant
- You can achieve "sabi" by placing a low futon under a tall window or laying a roughly woven tatami mat on a smooth surface
- Simplicity is key in Japanese interior design. Rooms must never appear cluttered and minimalism is the object in this type of design style. Rather than crowd the room with several small pieces, one or two focal pieces are used to tie the entire design theme together
- Much of Japanese interior design relies on furniture and screening as art
- Zen
- Balanced
- Elegant simplicity
- Clutter free
- Buddha statues
- Futons
- Tea sets
- Japanese traditional furniture is simple and elegant with great attention to detail
- Furniture (Kagu) in Japan was built to be functional and modular at the same time exude simplicity unique to Japan. Over hundreds of years the art flowered as a craft of the people
- Long grained cedar wood matched with a perfectly crafted, shinning lacquered box
- Floors of engineered bamboo hardwood surrounding a single large slab of quarry-stone
- Wicker furnishings topped off with silky smooth cushions
- Natural materials feature prominently in Japanese interior design. Bamboo flooring, rice paper screens and natural woods all have their place in this design style
- Cotton and silk are commonly used fabrics and synthetics typically do not make an appearance unless it is absolutely necessary
- Although black lacquer furniture has become synonymous with Japanese interior design, natural finishes in a light color are often used.
- Typical Japanese interior design features earth tones
- The palette is typically subdued. Beige and tan are used predominantly
Category:
ASIAN
STYLE:
CHINESE
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Chinese interior design elements lean toward the ornate and incorporate bold colors and intricate tapestries
- Large furniture pieces made of lacquered wood, with hand-carved detail, are identified with Chinese interior design. Recognizable features include wall murals depicting animals such as fish, dragons, birds or monkeys or mythological figures
- While accessories in Chinese interior design are few and select, screens, ivory, Chinese pottery, bamboo, pillows and ornate rugs are frequently featured
- Popular materials include wood with metal inlays and bamboo
- In addition to ornate furnishings, many classic Chinese pieces will offer clean lines and a simplistic style
- Chinese elm finishes, as well as red or black lacquered pieces, are popular
- The art of feng shui is another prominent practice in Chinese interior design. Feng shui philosophy is a belief that the objects in a home and the way that they are arranged will affect the health, prosperity and well-being of the person living there
- Animals and mystical beasts such as monkeys, dragons and tigers
- Beautiful Flowers
- Birds and Fish
- Ornate furniture is a very important part of Chinese interior design
- Suitable furniture is typically Chinese - quality wood, with a very fine, glossy lacquer, in black, or varying shades of red
- The furniture will have decorative carving, ornate inlays or very detailed and beautiful paintings, and fancy handles
- Oriental rugs
- Chinese paper lanterns
- Opulent fabrics - such as richly embroidered silks, in Chinese designs
- Natural wood and shiny elements
- Bamboo is a common denominator and is used in everything from furniture to accessories
- Texture is also achieved with paper surfaces, rocks, and green plants
- Oriental rugs introduce character, color and warmth into the room
- Water is a basic element – both seen and heard
Red is a signature colour in Chinese decorating style and is a symbol of good luck. Gold decoration is a vital part of Chinese colour and design
Category:
ASIAN
STYLE:
BALINESE/THAI
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Balinese and Thai home decor borrows the best aspects of Asian decorating traditions
- Natural materials, craftsman details, modular shapes but punches up the look with a tropical palette
- Open space, breezy interiors and dramatic outdoor views are integral to a Balinese or Thai home
- Nature and light are so prized, homes are laid out with views and natural light in mind
- Low, modular pieces and open floor plans allow light and air to flow through the space. Skylights, solar tubes, inner courtyards, terraces and picture windows integrate a home with its natural surroundings, be it an exotic forest or a simple garden
- Balinese and Thai decor features natural materials and finishes, most notably wood of different origins and shades
- Teak is an enduring favorite in Indonesian decoration, but its rarity has encouraged some ecologically-minded designers to only use repurposed or vintage teak rather than freshly harvested teak
- Bamboo is popular, either in a pot or as flooring, furniture material or building material
- Stone, paper, rattan, wicker, clay, tile, metal and paper may be found integrated in countertops, room dividers, walls, flooring, outdoor features, tabletops, window coverings and furniture
- Elephants
- Golden Buddha
- Bamboo
- Intricate chocolate-brown panels are quintessential Balinese accessories
- Classic elements of Thai design include elephants, bamboo, golden Buddhas and statues of dancers
- Rattan coffee table and finish tables and platted water hyacinth barstools
- Flooring may be stained dark wood or it may feature textured throw rugs and bamboo or sisal mats
- Typical Balinese design uses indigenous materials such as stone, teakwood, camphor wood and bamboo
- Appropriate colours for any Balinese or Thai style room would reflect the beach, sky and flowers. Various shades of blue and eco-friendly, for instance, could be typical in addition to yellow, orange and red-colored tones
Category:
ASIAN
STYLE:
INDIAN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Indians are immensely proud of their homes, they are a temple for mind and body. As homemakers they do not hesitate to combine diverse textures, prints and colours to achieve an individual style
- Indians have the concept of five elements - air, water, fire, earth and space. These were woven into the fabric of Indian society before the arrival of the Argans around 1500BC
- Indian belief has always been dedicated to the worship of nature. Western belief has the first four elements but space is a more abstract principle. Space is the vast vacuum beyond ordinary perception and symbolises the huge power of an unseen force
- Even today the five elements are celebrated in the decorative schemes of many Indian homes
- Rich and exotic colours are prominent for Indian style interior design
- Patterns are an essential part of Indian design –richly decorated wallpaper in geometric and swirly patterns are popular
- Indian decoration also sees a lot of intricately carved furniture
- Incense
- Scented candles or
- Warm and bright colours
- Peacocks
- Paisleys
- Arabic and Persian origin motifs preferred
- Indian furniture is typically comprised of solid wood and accented with artisan touches, such as gold painted trim, engraved panels, tile insets, niches and hand-painted borders and motif
- A lot of Indian pottery is used for decorating Indian households
- Paintings and sculptures of Indian Gods and Goddesses finds a prominent place in Indian households
- Indoor plants are loved by Indians
- Indian saris are used as window treatments, table coverings or bedspreads
- Rich colours and textures, exotic woods with intricate designs and decorative fabrics all feature strongly
- Greens, oranges and reds are preferred by Indians
- Indian interiors consist of warm, bright colors. The deep jewel tones of orange, marigold, yellow, purple, fuchsia, green, red and cobalt blue
Category:
MEDITERRANEAN
STYLE:
SPANISH
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- There are diverse stylistic approaches to Spanish decor
- The colonial look features bold furnishings with hand-crafted details and a lush garden area
- The hacienda look integrates antiques and distressed finishes for an old-world charm
Spanish modern style has an urban edge, expressed with modular furniture, bold graphics on textiles and abstract artwork
- Most Spanish decoration centers upon natural materials
- Solid wood furniture anchors rooms, while chunky metal handles and drawer pulls add a rustic, artisan look
- Kitchens, living rooms, bedrooms and dining rooms often contain large shelves and cabinets with hidden storage, as well as open display areas composed of multiple niches
- Accessories that blend form and function, such as handcrafted ceramics, textiles and metalwork lend a classic Spanish look
- Warm
- Inviting
- Boldly coloured tiles
- Heavy wooden furniture pieces with intricate carvings and hand-drawn or stenciled patterns, made from dark woods like teak, mahogany and ebony
- Furniture that is ornately trimmed in brass, copper, tile and wrought iron
- Wooden display shelves supported with wrought iron bars are popular
- You can use these shelves to hold bottles of wine, jars of olives, decanters of olive oil, spices and metal buckets filled with bunches of herbs
- Glass bowl filled with limes and lemons adds a pop of color while, in the living room, a view of a window box herb garden or a painted pitcher holding lemonade makes guests feel welcome
- Terra-cotta tiles or unfinished wood on floors typifies colonial and hacienda styles, while a contemporary Spanish home may have rugs, mats, lighter tiles or polished wood floors
- The Spanish palette veers away from pastels and jewel tones in favor of rustic, earthy hues accented by bold and moody colours
- Walls in a buttery yellow or mottled antique whites and browns provide a neutral backdrop for an accent wall in pumpkin orange or an armoire in indigo
Category:
MEDITERRANEAN
STYLE:
GREEK
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- The Greek aesthetic takes its cues from the sea, with lots of deep blues, crisp aquas, and turquoises mixing with white plaster walls and whitewashed floors
- The architecture is rustic, with odd spaces and angles created by arches and niches. The style is clean and fresh, with outdoor spaces smoothly blending with indoor spaces
- Greeks tend to favor architectural features and the garden over excess ornamentation indoors.
- The decor is simple, with clutter hidden away
- Greek interiors are very simple and rustic – quite minimalist and even Spartan in style
- Terracotta tiles are very typically authentic Greek
- Greek urns are a very typical choice in Greek decorating
- Greek interiors are very simple and rustic – quite minimalist and even Spartan in style
- Walls should be white - they can be smooth and simple, or bumpy and textured, with a 'gravely' texture
- Greek key design
- Greek style urns
- Ionic, Doric and Corinthian columns
- Books, plants, wine bottles, candles and fresh produce are the primary decorations in Greek Mediterranean home décor
- Ceramics and kitchenware may have splashes of poppy red, sunflower yellow, cobalt blue and olive green
- Ceramic and metal parts are popular for cooking. Foyers tend to be large as a way to welcome their loved ones
- Trees and large plants can frame the entrance
- Iron wall sconces, lanterns and rustic wooden tables are typically Greek
- The Greek Mediterranean home decor palette favors natural shades
- Ocean blues and greens are obvious choices and look beautifully contrasted with bright white
- Golden yellow is a major colour, seen on exterior and interior walls, floors, cabinets, upholstery and furniture.
- Dark, burnt oranges and terracotta adds drama to an accent wall, cabinets, rugs and shelves. Ceramics and kitchenware may have splashes of poppy red, sunflower yellow, cobalt blue and olive green
Category:
ISLAMIC
STYLE:
TURKISH
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Located between Europe and Asia, its culture is an interesting mix of Eastern traditionalism and Western secularism
- Traditional Turkish art is very decorative and ornate. One of the most popular forms of this art is the area rug
- An oriental area rug is a beautiful item to decorate any room with. There are many such area rugs in ornate, colorful designs
- The use of lace is very widespread in Turkish culture. Lace bedcovers are also very popular
- Anatolian lace, from the Turkish region of Anatolia, is particularly intricate and eye-catching
- One of the most popular traditions in Turkish culture is drinking strong, black, sweet Turkish coffee from small, elegant china cups. These tiny cups are very colorful and are usually hand-painted with strikingly beautiful designs. They do not only serve as a drinking utensil but can also be used to decorate a room
- Turkish style rug
- A Turkish bath or Hamam
- Tulips, carnations, roses, spring blossom, and hyacinth
- Trees (apple, date palm, cypress)
- Crescent moon and star
- Fruit (pomegranate, apple, date, artichoke, pineapple)
- Traditional Turkish items are ottoman-style tasseled throw pillows with gold colored tassels, fringes, and colorful hand embroidery. They will provide comfort and color to an armchair or sofa
- The traditional Turkish lamp is also a very popular and elegant
- A traditional Turkish floor lamp is made from coloured glass and brass
- Turkish carpets and rugs, whether hand knotted or flat woven (kilim, soumak, cicim, zili), are among the most well known and established hand crafted art works in the world
- Historically: religious, cultural, environmental, sociopolitical and socioeconomic conditions created widespread utilitarian need and have provided artistic inspiration among the many tribal peoples and ethnic groups in Central Asia and Turkey
- Turkish fabrics are unique in weaving features, materials used and designs reflecting Turkish taste. Research on the subject identified about six hundred and fifty names such as Kadife, Atlas, Gezi and Canfes
- Rich color palette of burnished gold, raspberry and bright turquoise
Category:
MEDITERRANEAN
STYLE:
ITALIAN/TUSCAN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- The Tuscan way of living is a relaxed way of living - not flashy or pretentious. It is defined by a focus on finding love and beauty in things most important: family, friends, and even food
- The elements of wood, earth, stone, and water are a common theme of Tuscan villa interiors and outdoors throughout the Italian country landscape
- At the very core of the Tuscan decorating style is infused a centuries old love of beauty, simplistic function, and superior artistic craftsmanship, expressed so elegantly throughout every village and home in Tuscany
- The warm, vibrant colors, earthen accents, and solid wood furniture all invoke a sense of comfortable familiarity with the past
- Homes decorated in the Tuscan decorating style are inspired by the elements of nature. Crumbling stone walls, intricate wrought iron accessories, sun-washed hillsides, rustic stone farmhouses, marble flooring and sturdy hardwood furniture are just some of the wonderful elements of this decorating style
- Using sturdy materials that stand the test of time, the look of Tuscan style decorating is rustic, warm, and inviting. Nothing should look shiny and new
- Terra cotta pottery, Mediterranean painted ceramics, wrought iron hanging wall grills, woven tapestries, and copper pots
- Tile is a traditional Tuscan flooring material
- Water is a critical element in Tuscan style decorating, and many homes have a water fountain in the central courtyard surrounded by beautiful, wildly growing greenery. Marble statues grace outdoor spaces. Tall, graceful cypress tress sway in the breeze
- Walls in Tuscany often are made of plaster or stucco and, therefore, have a natural texture
- Using the natural materials found in this area of Italy, the Tuscan home is built of sandstone or limestone, available in a wide range of hues.
- Marble is found in abundance and is used for decorative details, flooring, arches, and pillars
- Part of the appeal of Tuscan style is its warm, rich colors, which derive from nature
- The Tuscan palette is inspired by the Mediterranean's earth, sky, trees and sun and includes shades of brown, red, orange, yellow, olive green and deep blue.
- Tuscan colors tend to be rich and natural
Category:
ISLAMIC
STYLE:
MOROCCAN
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- The country of Morocco is located in Northwest Africa with coastlines along the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean
- The warm climate and cool sea winds influence Moroccan design, a style rich in jewel tones, layers of texture and an array of patterns
- Visually stimulating, the Moroccan style of decorating includes the use of both lightweight and heavy fabrics, tile work and intricately carved furnishings, and an abundance of detail
- It is a very sumptuous, and even sensual style
- A Moroccan style is wonderfully exotic, but warm and welcoming too
- Arab, Spanish, French and Moorish influences are what give Moroccan design its very unique and striking look
- Moroccan interior design is a look full of deep, rich colors, an earthy, spicy feel, patterns, fabrics, and lots of very distinctive styled accessories
- It is a look that brings to mind the desert, Arabian nights and a real flavor of the exotic
- Ideal colors for that sultry Moroccan feel are deep, rich colours
- Wonderfully warm, relaxed, exotic feel, with a real sultry flair
- Colourful mosaic tables
- Hand carved wood and camel bone lamps and lanterns are famed
- Assortments of metallic ribbon brocades can be used on walls, floors or furnishings
- Jewel toned silks; make great throws or covering for massive pillows
- Tiles are a very important aspect to Moroccan interior design
- Mosaic is quite frequently used to decorate furniture, such as table tops
- Wrought iron ornaments, decorative wall art, wall sconces and lighting are ideal accessories
- The materials and methods used in Moroccan decorating are an art from the ages. Modern design lines and high tech production techniques don't apply here
- Very few smooth, sleek materials figure in the mix. The blending of a multitude of textures and shapes is captivating
- Moroccan walls are quite rough in texture
- Throws, wall hangings and plenty of cushions, in the same, deep, rich colors, with opulent patterns
- Moroccan colors are earthy and spicy
- Golden saffron sun, turquoise blue waters, paprika red and curry brown that define the region
Category:
NORTHERN EUROPEAN
STYLE:
SWEDISH (GUSTAVIAN)
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- The fusion of Swedish taste with styles imported by King Gustav III during his reign in the late 18th century account for the majority of the decorative influences of that period in Sweden
- The look that gathered influences from various European courts (mainly France, Italy and England), became known as the "Gustavian" style
- Gustavian furniture often possesses neoclassical design elements, with straight legs and elegant lines. While noble households used expensive woods such as mahogany, the painted finishes were more affordable and in turn became what we know to be of the Gustavian style
- These lighter finishes — often painted in white, gray, blue or yellow — also add a sense of light to Swedish homes during the long winters
- Gustavian interiors are known for their luxurious crystal chandeliers
- Elegant Venetian mirrors are the perfect opportunity to incorporate the Italian influence into a Gustavian interior
- In the taste of 18th century Swedish manor houses, early blue and white porcelain was often imported directly from China. Remaining popular today, blue and white porcelain dinnerware is representative of the Scandinavian aesthetic
- During the late 1700s, long case Mora clocks were produced as supplemental income for farm families in Sweden. Having a clock of this make and stature represented high style and taste
- Casual elements, such as stripes and checks, were introduced into Gustavian fabrics to offset the grand and austere designs
- Small accents of white and cream-colored decorative objects add character to the Swedish-style home
- Light, airy and elegant
- Gustavian furniture is known for its clean, simple lines and a muted color palette
- Gustavian style is characterised by austere design in a soft, neutral palette without a lot of ornament and embellishment
- Some common patterns found in the upholsteries are stripes and checkered prints
- Gustavian furniture was mostly white painted furniture
- Furniture was time worn or distressed edges
- Wall moldings and furniture with raised detail
- Natural fabrics such as linen, cotton and silk
- Soft blue and white is a common Swedish color scheme
Category:
NORTHERN EUROPEAN
STYLE:
DANISH (CONTEMPORARY)
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- Vintage style of minimalist wood furniture from Denmark associated with the Danish design movement
- In the 1920s, Kaare Klint embraced the principles of Bauhaus modernism in furniture design, creating clean, pure lines based on an understanding of classical furniture craftsmanship coupled with careful research into materials, proportions and the requirements of the human body
- The Scandinavian style focuses on natural colors and materials, commonly teakwood, for a clean look
- The furniture in a Danish modern living room has a clean, sleek and minimalist design that conforms to the shape of the body
- Danish Modern furniture designers sought to produce items that were functional as well as beautiful. Their furniture was elegant and sophisticated but not cold
- Danish home interiors are mostly colourless shades of white (ecru to bright white) or the palest of neutral beige, icy blue or sage green for walls and ceilings
- Plain and simple wood floors provide a feeling of space, another style common in Denmark
- Modern is a contemporary design style that focuses on natural elements
- It uses light as a natural design element in the contemporary style by leaving windows uncovered
- Danish modern living rooms are filled with light and have uncluttered, airy appearances
- Sleek, modern and neutral
- Plants, wool rugs and the natural shades of wood work well in a Danish modern décor
- Glass shelves were used to hold metal, ceramic and glass decorations
- Accessories are kept to a minimum for an uncluttered contemporary look
- Bold abstract art in bright colors can adorn the walls. Floor pillows in bright shades and geometric patterns provide seating in the minimalist style
- Furniture made with teak and rosewood to fulfill the traditional look
- Armless chairs, futons and sectional sofas in neutral shades or bold natural colors fit well in the Danish modern style
- Sleek finishes such as glass and chrome to decorate the contemporary living room style
- Neutral or pastel colors for the walls and accessories
Category:
FRENCH PROVINCIAL
STYLE:
REGENCY
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
- French Provincial decorating has its roots in 17th and 18th centuries. The people living in the French countryside, on the whole, belonged to the lower classes, and therefore did not have the finances to afford lavish and elaborate furniture and interior decor. So they developed a distinct style which was flavoured with imperial designs used in courts and homes of the rich and wealthy, but omitted the expensive accents such as lavish embroidered textiles, metals such as gold, and highly decorative, handcrafted furniture
- The French provincial decorating style is based on the imperial designs used in courts and homes of the rich and wealthy. The only difference is that it doesn't cost as much
- Exempting expensive textiles, embroidery, costly furniture and a collection of gold items, the French provincial style does not lack in charm or appeal in any way
- Elegant, subtle and affordable
- Armoires are a staple of French Provincial decoration. Back in the day, closets encompassed whole rooms and the tax laws stated that each household should be taxed according to the number of rooms. Those who couldn't afford to have closets chose wardrobes or armoires, as they are known. Armoires are carved cabinets used for storing things. With high quality metal work, armoires are flexible and can be used in every room in the house. Without armoires, a French provincial theme will be incomplete
- Generally, mirrors are hung on walls. Mirrors reflecting the light around the room are a trademark of French Provincial decoration
- Photographs in ornamental frames can add to the grandeur and feel
- Wall Art is a key component in French Provincial decorating
- Wood was a material which was easily accessible in 17th and 18th Century Provincial France
- Landscape paintings were also used to adorn walls
- Embroidery is widespread in French provincial decoration. Embroidery was a skill taught to each and every female during that time, which is why they were able to weave beautiful and intricate patterns
- Along with embroidery, fabrics with lace work were also common during the 17th and 18th century
- Inspiration from the French countryside. Brick red, deep brown, pale gold, cornflower blue, and sage green. Also, colours of the French flag